If you’re looking for a nursing career that offers more flexibility and control over your schedule, you may have come across the term “PRN nurse.” Whether you’re juggling family obligations, pursuing other goals, or simply seeking better work-life balance, PRN nursing can offer a meaningful alternative to the traditional full-time role.
More and more nurses are rethinking what they want from their careers, and PRN nursing is one path that’s growing in popularity. This guide breaks down what PRN nurses do, how the role works, how it compares to other nursing jobs, and what it takes to become one.
What is a PRN Nurse?
A PRN nurse is a registered nurse (RN) or licensed practical nurse (LPN) who works on an as-needed basis. The abbreviation “PRN” comes from the Latin phrase pro re nata, meaning “as the situation demands.”
PRN nurses help fill staffing gaps in healthcare settings. They may cover vacations, sick calls, or periods of high patient volume. While on the job, PRN nurses perform the same clinical duties as their full-time counterparts. What sets them apart is the flexibility—and unpredictability—of their schedules.
You may hear the terms PRN and per diem used interchangeably. While similar, they aren’t exactly the same. For instance, some PRN roles may offer a minimum number of promised hours or access to limited benefits, especially through staffing agencies. Per diem roles, by contrast, typically do not come with guaranteed hours or benefits. That said, terminology can vary depending on the employer or agency.
How PRN Nursing Works
PRN nursing can offer the best of both worlds: flexibility and competitive pay. But it also comes with its tradeoffs, like irriegular shifts and minimal job security. Here’s what to expect if you’re considering this path.
Pay and Benefits
PRN nurses often earn higher hourly wages than their full- or part-time peers. This pay boost compensates for the lack of standard employment benefits such as:
- Health insurance
- Paid time off (PTO)
- Retirement contributions
If you have access to these benefits elsewhere, like through a partner’s job or another source, the tradeoff might make sense. Otherwise, you’ll need to plan carefully to cover your own benefits and manage financial stability between shifts.
Scheduling and Shift Expectations
The hallmark of PRN nursing is flexibility, but it comes at the cost of consistency. PRN nurses may be called in with little notice to cover shifts due to staff shortages or high patient loads. Scheduling can vary week to week, and you may not know your hours far in advance.
While some PRN positions let you specify availability, others may expect you to be ready on short notice, including evenings, weekends, or holidays.
Work Environments
PRN nurses work in a variety of healthcare settings, often alongside permanent staff. Common workplaces include:
- Hospitals
- Urgent care centers
- Nursing homes
- Home health agencies
- Outpatient clinics and doctors’ offices
Many PRNs are employed through staffing agencies, which sometimes provide partial benefits based on hors worked.
PRNs vs. RNs: What’s the Difference?
| Full-Time RN | Part-Time RN | PRN Nurse | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Schedule | Full-Time RN Fixed | Part-Time RN Fixed | PRN Nurse Flexible |
| Hourly Pay | Full-Time RN Median | Part-Time RN Lower | PRN Nurse Higher |
| Benefits | Full-Time RN Yes | Part-Time RN Partial | PRN Nurse Varies |
| Job Security | Full-Time RN High | Part-Time RN Moderate | PRN Nurse Low |
Your specific schedule, pay, benefits, and security rates may vary.
Flexibility vs. Stability
PRN nursing is ideal for those who value flexibility over routine. You’ll have more say over when and where you work, but less certainty about future shifts. If predictability is important to you, a fixed role might be a better fit.
Responsibilities and Workload
PRN nurses typically provide direct patient care but may not be involved in long-term planning or administrative responsibilities. Because you’re often brought in for short-term coverage, you might not see the same patients or coworkers repeatedly.
That said, PRN nurses must be highly adaptable. You may be asked to float between units or step into unfamiliar settings with minimal orientation.
When I switched from full-time pediatrics to PRN, I missed building relationships with patients and families. It’s harder to earn trust when you only see someone for one shift.
Pay and Perks
While PRN positions typically offer higher hourly wages, they don’t usually come with benefits like health insurance or paid leave. If you can access those elsewhere, the pay boost may outweigh the tradeoffs. Just be sure to factor in self-managed retirement contributions, insurance premiums, and income variability.
How to Become a PRN Nurse
PRN nurses follow the same education and licensing path as traditional RNs or LPNs. The main difference comes after licensure, when you begin job searching.
Step 1: Earn Your Nursing Credential
You’ll first need to complete an accredited nursing program. You can choose between:
- LPN/LVN programs: 12–18 months
- Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN): ~2 years
- Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): ~4 years
Many programs offer flexible formats, including online and hybrid options.
Step 2: Get Licensed and Gain Experience
After graduating, you must pass the NCLEX exam and apply for licensure through your state’s board of nursing. While some PRN positions are open to new graduates, most employers prefer at least one year of hands-on experience.
I’d recommend taking a more stable position for your first job. The transition from nursing school to nursing practice can be difficult, and a predictable schedule with the same co-workers can make adjusting easier while you build confidence.
Step 3: Apply for PRN Roles
Once licensed and experienced, search for PRN opportunities on:
- Hospital job boards
- Healthcare staffing agency websites
- Online job platforms
Tailor your resume to highlight adaptability, clinical versatility, and your ability to work independently in fast-paced settings.
FAQs About PRN Nursing
Is PRN higher than RN?
No. PRN refers to a work schedule, not a credential. A PRN nurse is a licensed RN or LPN who works on an as-needed basis.
Why do PRN nurses get paid more?
PRN nurses earn more per hour to offset the lack of benefits, job security, and predictable hours. They’re also expected to be available at short notice and may fill less desirable shifts.
How long does it take to become a PRN?
Depending on your nursing path:
- LPN: 12-18 months
- ADN: ~2 years
- BSN: ~4 years
You’ll also need time to pass the NCLEX and meet state licensing requirements.
Do PRN nurses get retirement or health benefits?
It depends on the employer. Many PRN roles don’t include benefits, but some large healthcare systems and staffing agencies offer partial benefits if you work a certain number of hours.
What are the disadvantages of being a PRN?
The biggest challenges include inconsistent scheduling, fewer opportunities to build patient relationships, and a lack of traditional employment benefits. You also need to be comfortable adapting quickly to different environments.
